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Quotes by Physicists
The waves travel with the velocity of light and slightly squeeze and stretch space transverse to the direction of their motion. The first waves we measured came from the collision of two black holes each about 30 times the mass of our sun.
Rainer Weiss
Travel
Light
Space
Black
First
Our
Waves
Slightly
Sun
Black Holes
About
Collision
Direction
Velocity
Mass
Motion
Came
Times
Squeeze
Holes
Measured
Each
Two
Stretch
We've seen black holes, which is already wonderful. We also expect to see the merger of neutron stars, and that was a thing that actually gave this field a certain credibility when it was discovered that there were pairs of neutron stars in our galaxy, and people stopped laughing at us when that was found out.
Rainer Weiss
People
Wonderful
Black
Seen
Field
Stars
Gave
Our
Out
Laughing
See
Black Holes
Merger
Also
Were
Discovered
Expect
Stopped
Which
Holes
Galaxy
Us
Certain
Pairs
Found
Credibility
Actually
Thing
Over and over in the history of astronomy, a new instrument finds things we never expected to see.
Rainer Weiss
History
Astronomy
Finds
See
Never
Over
New
Instrument
Expected
The History Of
Things
People say, 'I failed out of college! My life is over!' Well, it's not over. It depends on what you do with it.
Rainer Weiss
Life
You
People
College
My Life
Say
Out
People Say
Failed
Over
Over It
Well
Depends
I wasn't unpopular. I didn't have any trouble getting girls.
Rainer Weiss
Girl
Trouble
Unpopular
Any
Getting
You know the Einstein waves can be thought of as a distortion of space and time. But the way we see it, we see it as a distortion of space. And space is enormously stiff. You can't squish it; you can't change its dimensions so easily.
Rainer Weiss
Time
You
Change
Space
Thought
Waves
Way
Dimensions
Easily
Distortion
See
Know
Stiff
Space And Time
Einstein
For reasons probably related to the popular vision of Albert Einstein and, also, the threat posed by black holes in comic books and science fiction, our gravitational wave discoveries have had an amazing public impact.
Rainer Weiss
Science
Vision
Amazing
Black
Related
Wave
Our
Books
Threat
Black Holes
Impact
Had
Also
Science Fiction
Comic
Comic Books
Discoveries
Fiction
Einstein
Holes
Public
Reasons
Popular
Gravitational
Albert
Albert Einstein
We know about black holes and neutron stars, but we hope there are other phenomena we can see because of the gravitational waves they emit.
Rainer Weiss
Hope
Black
Stars
Other
Waves
See
Black Holes
About
Know
Because
Holes
Gravitational
Phenomena
One of the things I sort of dreamt about awhile ago is that if Einstein were still alive, it would be absolutely wonderful to go to him and tell him about the discovery, and he would have been very pleased, I'm sure of that.
Rainer Weiss
Wonderful
Pleased
Alive
Tell
One Of The Things
Would
Would-Be
Dreamt
About
Absolutely
He
Him
Sort
Sure
Still
Go
Were
Been
Discovery
Very
Einstein
Things
Awhile
We expect surprises. There has to be surprises.
Rainer Weiss
Surprises
Expect
There was a person who thought I was OK. I wasn't a complete dope. I got some confidence out of that.
Rainer Weiss
Confidence
Thought
Dope
Complete
OK
Out
Some
Got
Person
Who
The obvious thing to me was, let's take freely floating masses in space and measure the time it takes light to travel between them. The presence of a gravitational wave would change that time. Using the time difference, one could measure the amplitude of the wave.
Rainer Weiss
Time
Me
Travel
Change
Light
Space
Wave
Would
Could
Take
Takes
Between
Freely
Masses
Obvious
Difference
Them
Measure
Using
Floating
Thing
Presence
Gravitational
The field equations and the whole history of general relativity have been complicated.
Rainer Weiss
History
Complicated
Field
Relativity
General
General Relativity
Equations
Been
Whole
I didn't understand the Weber bar and how gravitational waves interacted with it. I sat and thought about it over a weekend, trying to prepare for the lecture for the following Monday. I asked myself how would I do it. The simplest way... was a thought experiment.
Rainer Weiss
Myself
Thought
Experiment
Monday
Waves
Way
Would
Following
About
Weekend
Simplest
Over
Understand
How
Lecture
Trying
Bar
Asked
Sat
Prepare
Gravitational
Gravitational waves, because they are so imperturbable - they go through everything - they will tell you the most information you can get about the earliest instants that go on in the universe.
Rainer Weiss
You
Will
Universe
Waves
Everything
Tell
About
Through
Most
Because
Go
Get
Information
Gravitational
Earliest
Over years, the noise level will be brought down, and LIGO will be three times better and see three times farther.
Rainer Weiss
Noise
Better
Will
Three
Down
See
Brought
Over
Years
Times
Farther
Level
It's a spectacular signal. It's a signal many of us have wanted to observe since the time LIGO was proposed. It shows the dynamics of objects in the strongest gravitational fields imaginable, a domain where Newton's gravity doesn't work at all, and one needs the fully non-linear Einstein field equations to explain the phenomena.
Rainer Weiss
Work
Time
Needs
Field
Signal
Strongest
Objects
Proposed
Observe
Since
Equations
Domain
Where
Wanted
Einstein
Dynamics
Explain
Fields
Us
Newton
Fully
Many
Shows
Gravitational
Gravity
Spectacular
Imaginable
Phenomena
The triumph is that the waveform we measure is very well represented by solutions of these equations. Einstein is right in a regime where his theory has never been tested before.
Rainer Weiss
Before
Solutions
Triumph
Never
Well
Equations
Tested
Been
His
Very
Where
Einstein
Regime
Measure
Theory
Right
This is the first real evidence that we've seen now of high gravitational field strengths: monstrous things like stars moving at the velocity of light, smashing into each other, and making the geometry of space-time turn into some sort of washing machine.
Rainer Weiss
Light
Seen
First
Field
Stars
Other
Monstrous
Evidence
Machine
High
Some
Velocity
Smashing
Like
Sort
Making
Real
Geometry
Moving
Turn
Washing
Each
Washing Machine
Now
Things
Gravitational
Strengths
Space is much stiffer than you imagine; it's stiffer than a gigantic piece of iron. That's why it's taken so damned long to detect gravitational waves: to deform space takes an enormous amount of energy, and there are only so many things that have enough.
Rainer Weiss
You
Space
Long
Energy
Enormous
Enough
Waves
Gigantic
Detect
Only
Taken
Takes
Piece
Iron
Than
Much
Many
Why
Amount
Things
Gravitational
Imagine
Many of us on the project were thinking if we ever saw a gravitational wave, it'd be an itsy bitsy little tiny thing; we'd never see it. This thing was so big that you didn't have to do much to see it.
Rainer Weiss
You
Big
Thinking
Wave
Project
Saw
See
Never
Were
Tiny
Little
Us
Much
Many
Ever
Thing
Gravitational
I said, suppose you take a light - I was thinking of just light bulbs because, in those days, lasers were not yet really there - and sent a light pulse between two masses. Then you do the same when there's a gravitational wave. Lo and behold, you see that the time it takes light to go from one mass to the other changes because of the wave.
Rainer Weiss
Time
You
Light
Thinking
Other
Changes
Pulse
Wave
Those
See
Take
Takes
Between
Mass
Days
Suppose
Masses
Because
Said
Go
Were
Same
Behold
Just
Sent
Then
Really
Gravitational
Two
If the wave is getting bigger, it causes the time to grow a little bit. If the wave is trying to contract, it reduces it a little bit. So, you can see this oscillation in time on the clock.
Rainer Weiss
Time
You
Wave
Bit
See
Causes
Contract
Clock
Trying
Getting
Bigger
Little
Little Bit
Grow
Oscillation
The waves from all the different parts of a sphere would cancel each other out. You need motion that's nonspherical.
Rainer Weiss
You
Other
Waves
Sphere
Out
Would
Parts
Motion
Cancel
Different
Different Parts
Each
Need
Trying to understand the way nature works involves a most terrible test of human reasoning ability. It involves subtle trickery, beautiful tightropes of logic on which one has to walk in order not to make a mistake in predicting what will happen. The quantum mechanical and the relativity ideas are examples of this.
Richard P. Feynman
Beautiful
Nature
Mistake
Walk
Will
Relativity
Way
Trickery
Logic
Ability
Examples
Ideas
Most
Involves
Make
Terrible
Quantum
Understand
Test
Trying
Human
Order
Happen
Subtle
Predicting
Which
Reasoning
Mechanical
Works
Once I get on a puzzle, I can't get off.
Richard P. Feynman
Once
Puzzle
Off
Get
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